Category: Routing and Peering

The internet has evolved into an essential infrastructure for global communication, commerce, and innovation. As its scale and complexity continue to grow, so too do the challenges associated with managing its routing and Domain Name System (DNS). The future of internet routing and DNS lies in addressing these challenges through strategic planning, technological innovation, and…

In the interconnected world of internet routing and peering, reliance on a single upstream provider for internet connectivity is increasingly viewed as a strategic vulnerability. The case for engaging multiple upstream providers is compelling, as it offers a range of benefits that enhance network resilience, performance, and flexibility. For internet service providers, enterprises, and content…

Internet Route Registries, or IRRs, are a foundational component of the global routing infrastructure, providing a centralized repository for the publication of routing policies, prefix ownership, and Autonomous System (AS) relationships. By leveraging IRR data for route validation, network operators can enhance the accuracy, security, and reliability of their routing decisions, mitigating risks such as…

Edge computing has emerged as a transformative approach to processing and delivering data, bringing computation and storage closer to the end user. This paradigm shift is driven by the growing demand for low-latency applications such as IoT, autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, gaming, and real-time analytics. As edge computing decentralizes the traditional data center model, peering…

Root server anycast deployments represent a critical innovation in the design and operation of the Domain Name System (DNS), ensuring that one of the internet’s most foundational components remains resilient, efficient, and accessible. Root servers provide authoritative responses for queries related to the root zone, serving as the starting point for resolving domain names into…

The Time-to-Live (TTL) value in the Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical parameter that governs how long a DNS resolver can cache a record before it must query an authoritative server for updated information. While TTL settings are often considered in the context of DNS efficiency and load balancing, their effects on routing and…

The Autonomous System Number, or ASN, is a foundational element of internet routing, representing an independent network or collection of networks under a single administrative domain. ASNs play a critical role in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), enabling networks to exchange routing information and interconnect seamlessly. However, the very openness and decentralized nature of BGP…

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the backbone of inter-domain routing on the internet, responsible for determining the paths that data packets take across networks. While its role in maintaining global connectivity is indispensable, the dynamic nature of BGP comes with challenges, particularly during router failures, reboots, or software upgrades. BGP Graceful Restart, a mechanism designed…

Route optimizers are powerful tools in the realm of networking, designed to enhance the efficiency, performance, and reliability of traffic flows across interconnected networks. These solutions analyze routing metrics, traffic patterns, and network conditions in real-time to make informed decisions about the best paths for data to travel. For domains and the services they support,…

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) leaks are among the most disruptive events in the world of internet routing. These incidents occur when a network improperly announces routes to prefixes it does not own or when routing policies are misconfigured, leading to the propagation of unintended or unauthorized routes across the internet. BGP leaks can cause widespread…