Category: Routing and Peering

Multi-POP (Point of Presence) deployments have become a cornerstone of modern network infrastructure, enabling organizations to deliver services with high performance, reliability, and geographic reach. By establishing multiple POPs across regions, networks can bring content and services closer to end users, reducing latency and improving user experiences. However, the effectiveness of a multi-POP architecture hinges…

The global DNS infrastructure forms the backbone of internet functionality, enabling the seamless resolution of human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. From a routing perspective, the design and operation of the DNS infrastructure are deeply intertwined with the complexities of internet traffic flow, peering arrangements, and inter-network routing decisions. A comprehensive understanding of the…

Peering plays a crucial role in reducing DNS latency, significantly enhancing the speed and efficiency of internet communication. DNS, or the Domain Name System, acts as the internet’s address book, translating human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. The performance of DNS resolution directly impacts the user experience, as it is a critical step in…

BGP peering at scale is a critical aspect of maintaining efficient, secure, and reliable internet connectivity for large networks. As the Border Gateway Protocol is the backbone of internet routing, managing extensive peering relationships requires robust strategies to address scalability, performance, and security challenges. Implementing best practices for BGP peering at scale ensures that networks…

The growth of the global routing table is a pressing issue in the internet’s infrastructure, with far-reaching implications for domains, network performance, and scalability. The routing table is the data structure used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding data packets. As the internet expands with new networks, devices, and domains, the size…

Resource Reservation Protocol and its traffic engineering extensions are critical components in modern network management, enabling precise control over traffic flow and resource allocation across complex network infrastructures. RSVP was originally developed as a signaling protocol to establish and maintain resource reservations for flows in an IP network. While initially intended for applications requiring guaranteed…

Green networking, a concept focused on reducing the environmental impact of network infrastructure, has become increasingly significant as the world grapples with the challenges of climate change and rising energy consumption. Within this framework, efficient routing plays a pivotal role in minimizing energy use across the internet’s vast and interconnected systems. By optimizing how data…

Quality of Service in internet routing plays a crucial role in determining the performance and reliability of data delivery across networks, and its relevance for domains cannot be overstated. QoS refers to the ability of a network to prioritize certain types of traffic, ensuring that critical or latency-sensitive data receives the bandwidth, low delay, and…

ICMP redirects, a feature of the Internet Control Message Protocol, were introduced as a mechanism to optimize routing in IP networks. They serve as a way for routers to inform hosts of more efficient paths to reach specific destinations. While this concept was relevant in the earlier stages of networking, the relevance and utility of…

Cross-connects at data centers play a pivotal role in the global internet infrastructure, providing high-performance, low-latency interconnections between networks, cloud providers, enterprises, and content delivery platforms. These physical connections, established between two or more parties within a data center, enable direct communication and data exchange without relying on external networks or public internet pathways. The…