The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), enacted by the European Union in May 2018, fundamentally reshaped the way organizations handle personal data. While much of the discussion around GDPR has focused on web applications, cookies, and user databases, its impact on DNS services has been both significant and complex. DNS, by its very nature, is…

DNS query flood attacks are a type of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) assault specifically aimed at overwhelming the DNS infrastructure of a target organization. Unlike amplification attacks that exploit open resolvers to reflect large amounts of traffic toward a victim, query flood attacks rely on a high volume of direct DNS queries to exhaust…

DNS redirection is the deliberate rerouting of DNS queries to alternate destinations, enabling administrators and service providers to control how domain names resolve. While the fundamental purpose of DNS is to provide accurate and consistent mappings of domain names to IP addresses, redirection introduces a layer of intentional manipulation for purposes that range from helpful…

In the realm of internet infrastructure, the resilience and performance of the Domain Name System is paramount. Every website visited, email sent, or cloud service accessed relies on DNS to translate user-friendly domain names into IP addresses. As the demand for uninterrupted digital experiences grows, so does the need to safeguard DNS infrastructure from disruptions,…

Over the past decade, several high-profile DNS outages have served as stark reminders of the fragility and importance of the Domain Name System in the modern internet ecosystem. These incidents, often affecting millions of users and some of the most visited websites globally, demonstrate how interconnected and dependent digital services are on the reliability of…

DNS fragmentation attacks are a sophisticated form of exploitation that target the way DNS responses are transmitted over the network, particularly when those responses are too large to fit into a single packet and must be fragmented. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the IP layer and the DNS protocol stack, taking advantage of how fragmented…

DNS footprinting is a crucial reconnaissance technique used by cyber attackers during the initial phase of planning an intrusion or attack against a target organization. By leveraging publicly accessible DNS data, attackers can gather detailed intelligence about a target’s network infrastructure, domain structure, and internal systems—often without sending a single packet to the target’s production…

DNS attacks are no longer isolated technical incidents—they are costly, strategic events with profound economic implications for both the victims and the attackers. As the Domain Name System is a fundamental component of internet infrastructure, any disruption or exploitation at the DNS layer has cascading effects across a wide spectrum of digital operations. For businesses,…

Phishing attacks continue to be one of the most persistent and damaging threats in cybersecurity, targeting individuals and organizations through deceptive emails, fake websites, and social engineering tactics designed to steal sensitive information such as passwords, financial details, or login credentials. While these attacks often appear to be application-level problems involving email or web traffic,…

The Domain Name System, or DNS, is one of the most fundamental components of the internet, translating human-friendly domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. For most users, DNS resolution happens in the background and is handled automatically by the default DNS servers provided by their Internet Service Provider, or ISP. However, the rise of public…